Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Bija Cranberry with Rooibos Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Bija Cranberry with Rooibos Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE . .when used orally and appropriately. Cranberry juice up to 300 mL daily and cranberry extracts in doses up to 800 mg twice daily have been safely used in clinical trials (3333,3334,6758,6760,7008,8252,8253,8254,8995,11328) (16415,16720,17100,17126,17176,17210,17524,46379,46388,46389)(46390,46425,46439,46443,46465,46456,46466,46467,46469,46471)(46496,46499,90044,102847,111407).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when cranberry juice is consumed in amounts commonly found in the diet (2811,6759,46441,46452,46470,111407).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of cranberry when used in medicinal amounts in children.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when consumed in amounts commonly found in the diet.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of cranberry when used therapeutically during pregnancy or lactation; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in food amounts (6,4120). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of rooibos when used orally in medicinal amounts.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Bija Cranberry with Rooibos Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, cranberry might increase levels and adverse effects of atorvastatin.
Details
In one case report, a patient taking atorvastatin experienced upper back pain, rhabdomyolysis, and abnormal liver function after drinking cranberry juice 16 ounces daily for 2 weeks. Theoretically, this may have been caused by inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes by cranberry juice, as atorvastatin is a CYP3A4 substrate. Creatinine kinase and liver enzymes normalized within 2 weeks of stopping cranberry juice (90042). Patients taking atorvastatin should avoid large quantities of cranberry juice.
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Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP2C9 substrates. However, research is conflicting.
Details
There is contradictory evidence about the effect of cranberry on CYP2C9 enzymes. In vitro evidence suggests that flavonoids in cranberry inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes (10452,11115,90048). However, clinical research shows that cranberry juice does not significantly affect the levels, metabolism, or elimination of the CYP2C9 substrates flurbiprofen or diclofenac (11094,90048). Also, in patients stabilized on warfarin, drinking cranberry juice 250 mL daily for 7 days does not significantly increase the anticoagulant activity of warfarin, a CYP2C9 substrate (15374). Additional pharmacokinetic research shows that cranberry juice does not increase peak plasma concentrations or area under the concentration-time curve of warfarin (15393).
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Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
A case of upper back pain, rhabdomyolysis, and abnormal liver function has been reported for a patient taking atorvastatin, a CYP3A4 substrate, in combination with cranberry juice 16 ounces daily for 2 weeks. Creatinine kinase and liver enzymes normalized within 2 weeks of stopping cranberry juice (90042). Also, animal research suggests that cranberry juice, administered intraduodenally 30 minutes prior to nifedipine, a CYP3A4 substrate, inhibits nifedipine metabolism and increases the area under the concentration-time curve by 1.6-fold compared to control (46420).
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Theoretically, cranberry might modestly increase the levels and adverse effects of diclofenac.
Details
In vitro evidence suggests that cranberry juice inhibits diclofenac metabolism by human liver microsomes (90048). However, drinking cranberry juice does not seem to affect diclofenac metabolism in humans (90048).
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Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of nifedipine.
Details
Animal research suggests that cranberry juice, administered intraduodenally 30 minutes prior to nifedipine treatment, inhibits nifedipine metabolism and increases the area under the concentration-time curve by 1.6-fold compared to control (46420). This interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of warfarin. However, research is conflicting.
Details
There is contradictory evidence about the effect of cranberry juice on warfarin. Case reports have linked cranberry juice consumption to increases in the international normalized ratio (INR) in patients taking warfarin, resulting in severe spontaneous bleeding and excessive postoperative bleeding (10452,12189,12668,21187,21188,21189,46378,46396,46411)(46415,90043). Daily consumption of cranberry sauce for one week has also been linked to an increase in INR in one case report (16816). In a small study in healthy young males, taking a high dose of 3 grams of cranberry juice concentrate capsules, equivalent to 57 grams of fruit daily, for 2 weeks produced a 30% increase in the area under the INR-time curve after a single 25-mg dose of warfarin (16416). However, 3 very small clinical studies in patients stabilized on warfarin reported that cranberry juice 250 mL once or twice daily for 7 days (27% cranberry juice or pure cranberry juice) or 240 mL once daily for 14 days does not significantly increase INR or affect plasma warfarin levels (15374,17124,90045). The reasons for these discrepant findings are unclear. It is possible that the form and dose of cranberry may play a role, as cranberry extracts and juices contain different constituents. Additionally, an in vitro study evaluating 5 different cranberry juices found varying effects, with only a cranberry concentrate, and not diluted cranberry juices, inhibiting CYP2C9. However, this concentrate did not inhibit CYP2C9 activity in humans (108062).
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Theoretically, taking rooibos with ACEIs may increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of ACEIs.
Details
Clinical research in healthy adults shows that taking a single dose of rooibos tea, 400 mL orally, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (101253).
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Theoretically, taking rooibos with atorvastatin may increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of atorvastatin.
Details
Animal research shows that consuming green rooibos extract with atorvastatin daily for 3 weeks increases the maximum plasma concentration of atorvastatin by 6-fold and reduces the clearance of atorvastatin (104211).
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Theoretically, taking rooibos with CYP1A2 substrates may increase the effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that the methanol extract of rooibos leaves and stems inhibits CYP1A2 enzyme activity (101251).
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Theoretically, taking rooibos with CYP2C19 substrates may increase the effects of CYP2C19 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that the methanol extract of rooibos leaves and stems strongly inhibits CYP2C19 enzyme activity (101251).
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Theoretically, taking rooibos with CYP2C9 substrates may increase the effects of CYP2C9 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that the methanol extract of rooibos leaves and stems inhibits CYP2C9 enzyme activity (101251).
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Theoretically, taking rooibos with CYP2D6 substrates may increase the effects of CYP2D6 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that the methanol extract of rooibos leaves and stems inhibits CYP2D6 enzyme activity (101251).
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Theoretically, taking rooibos with CYP3A4 substrates may increase the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
In vitro research shows that the methanol extract of rooibos leaves and stems strongly inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity (101251).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Bija Cranberry with Rooibos Tea. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, cranberry seems to be well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort.
Dermatologic ...Orally, skin redness and itching has been reported in one patient (46389).
Gastrointestinal ...In very large doses, for example 3-4 L per day of juice, cranberry can cause gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea, particularly in young children (46364). There are reports of abdominal and gastrointestinal discomfort after taking cranberry tablets, extracts, and juice in clinical trials (16720,46379,111407). Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea have also been reported with consumption of lower doses of cranberry juice cocktail, 16 ounces per day, equivalent to about 4 ounces cranberry juice, for several weeks (16415).
Genitourinary ...Vulvovaginal candidiasis has been associated with ingestion of cranberry juice (46374). Clinical research suggests that ingestion of cranberry juice may be associated with vaginal itching and vaginal dryness (46471). One patient in clinical research stopped taking dried cranberry juice due to excessive urination (46437), and an isolated case of nocturia following ingestion of cranberry tablets has been reported (16720).
Hematologic ...Thrombocytopenia has been reported as an adverse event to cranberry juice (46459).
Other ...An isolated case of sensitive swollen nipples after taking cranberry tablets has been reported (16720).
General
...There is currently a limited amount of information on the adverse effects of roobios.
A thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Hepatotoxicity.
Hepatic ...Orally, large and long-term doses of rooibos tea might cause hepatotoxicity in some susceptible patients. In a case-report, a 37-year-old man drinking 10 cups of rooibos tea daily for over a year presented with hepatic dysfunction and thrombocytopenia (101254).