Phyto-Gen Pulmo-gen [Discontinued] by Genestra Brands

There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of blackberry.

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POSSIBLY INEFFECTIVE

• Obesity. Most clinical research shows that consuming hazelnuts or hazelnut oil does not improve weight loss. Details: Most clinical research in overweight and obese adults shows that consuming 29-69 grams of hazelnuts daily or taking hazelnut oil 25 grams daily for 4-12 weeks does not decrease body weight, body mass index (BMI), or other measures of body composition when compared with placebo (102033,102034).

INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE

• Coronary heart disease (CHD). It is unclear if consuming hazelnuts as part of the diet reduces the risk for CHD. Details: Epidemiological research has found that people who increase dietary consumption of nuts, including hazelnuts, might have a lower risk of CHD and death due to coronary events. However, there is no available evidence showing that eating hazelnut, specifically, reduces the risk of CHD (8478,13299). In 2003, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determined that it would allow a qualified health claim stating that consuming 1.5 ounces of nuts, such as hazelnuts, per day, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of CHD. The FDA has concluded that this claim is based on supporting, rather than conclusive, evidence (102331).
• Dementia. Although there is interest in using oral hazelnut to prevent dementia, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of hazelnut for this purpose.
• Hyperlipidemia. It is unclear if consuming hazelnuts as part of the diet can lower lipid levels. Details: One meta-analysis of three preliminary clinical trials shows that consuming 29-60 grams of hazelnut daily as part of the diet for 8-12 weeks reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by around 6 mg/dL, but does not significantly improve total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, or triglycerides, when compared with a control diet (102034). The effects of hazelnut on lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidemia are unclear, as the studies analyzed in the meta-analysis included patients with and without elevated lipid levels. More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of hazelnut for these uses.

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LIKELY SAFE ...when the fruit is used orally in amounts commonly found in foods (4912). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of blackberry fruit or leaf when used in medicinal amounts.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using in amounts greater than those found in foods.

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LIKELY SAFE ...when used in amounts commonly found in foods. Hazelnuts have been safely consumed as part of the diet in a quantity of 29-60 grams (18-40 nuts) per day (102033,102034,102331).

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used in amounts commonly found in foods.

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General ...Blackberry fruit is commonly consumed as a food without reports of adverse effects. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes for blackberry when used as a medicine has not been conducted.

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General ...Orally, hazelnut is well tolerated.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All routes of administration: Allergic reactions, including oral allergy syndrome and anaphylaxis.

Dermatologic ...Orally, hazelnut can cause atopic dermatitis in patients with a hazelnut allergy. In one case, hazelnut essence in hydroxyzine syrup was determined to be the likely cause of atopic dermatitis in a toddler (102031).

Immunologic ...Orally, hazelnut can cause an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals, with severity ranging from oral allergy syndrome to anaphylaxis (5991,5998,102029,102030,102031,102032). The prevalence of hazelnut sensitization varies by geographic location, with hazelnut allergy reported more often in areas with greater birch tree pollen exposure. Hazelnut allergy is more common in adults than children, but children are more likely to develop severe reactions (102032).

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