Synonyms

• Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Africa, AIDS, antiretroviral, antiretroviral therapy, ART, autoimmunity, blood transfusions, Caribbean, condoms, epidemic, global pandemic, gay-related immunodeficiency disease, GRID, HIV, HIV/AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus, immune disease, immune defense system, immune disorder, immune system, immunocompromised, immunodeficiency, injection drug users, infections, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, opportunistic infections, outbreak, pandemic, prevention interventions, retrovirus, SEPs, sexually transmitted infection, STI, South Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, syringe exchange programs, Thabo Mbeki, UNAIDS, unprotected sex, viral infection, virus, weakened immune system.

Background

• The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). The retrovirus primarily attacks the immune defense system, making the body extremely vulnerable to opportunistic infections.
• HIV is transmitted from person to person via bodily fluids. It can be spread by sexual contact with an infected person, by sharing needles/syringes with someone who is infected, or, less commonly (and rare in countries where blood is screened for HIV antibodies), through transfusions with infected blood. HIV has been found in saliva and tears in very low quantities and concentrations in some AIDS patients. However, contact with saliva, tears or sweat has never been shown to result in HIV transmission.
• Currently, there is no cure for HIV/AIDS. Patients receive antiretroviral drugs, which suppress the virus. These drugs do not reduce the risk of transmitting the disease to someone else.
• Since 1981, when the first case of AIDS was reported in the United States, the disease has become a global pandemic, causing an estimated 65 million infections and 25 million deaths worldwide.
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Africa

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Asia

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Americas

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Prevention

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Author Information

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Bibliography

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