Related Terms

• Æble (Danish), apal (Norwegian), apel (Swedish), Apfel (German), appel (Dutch), appelaar (Dutch), äpple (Swedish), apple extract, apple fiber, apple juice, apple pectin, apple pectin powder, apple picking, apple polyphenols, apple procyanidin, apple scab, apple tree, apple wassail, apple-John, applesauce, appleseed, B-linked proanthocyanidins, Cameo®, divja gozdna jablana (Slovenian), divlja jabuka (Croatian), ezonoko ringo (Japanese), hime ringo (Japanese), hua hong (Chinese), iablonia (Russian), jabloň domáca (Slovakian), jablon plonka (Polish), jabuka (Croatian), koma (Nepalese), lai ch'in (Chinese), maça (Portuguese), malum (Latin), Malus acerba Mérat, Malus asiatica Nakai, Malus asiatica Nakai var. argutisserrata, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh., Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. f. gracilis Rehder, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. f. jackii Rehder, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. subsp. himalaica (Maxim.) Likhonos, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. var. baccata, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. var. mandshurica (Maxim.), Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. var. sibirica, Malus communis Poir., Malus communis Poir. subsp. sylvestris (Mill.) Gams, Malus dasyphylla Borkh., Malus dasyphylla var. domestica Koidz., Malus domestica Borkh., Malus domestica Borkh. var. asiatica (Nakai), Malus domestica Borkh. var. rinki (Koidz.), Malus dulcissima Koidz. var. asiatica Koidz., Malus dulcissima var. rinki (Koidz.) Koidz., Malus floribunda, Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte, Malus malus (L.), Malus malus (L.) Britton nom. inval., Malus mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom., Malus matsumurae Koidz., Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck, Malus pallasiana Juzepãuk ex Komarov, Malus paradisiaca (L.) Medik., Malus praecox (Pall.) Borkh., Malus prunifolia Borkh., Malus prunifolia Borkh. var. ringo Asami, Malus prunifolia Borkh. var. rinkii (Koidz.), Malus pumila auct., Malus pumila auct. var. domestica (Borkh.), Malus pumila Mill., Malus pumila Mill. var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck), Malus pumila Mill. var. paradisiaca (L.), Malus pumila Mill. var. rinki Koidz., Malus pumila var. domestica, Malus pumila var. dulcissima, Malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck), Malus pumila var. paradisiaca (L.), Malus ringo Siebold ex Carrière, Malus rockii Rehder, Malus sargentii Rehder, Malus sibirica Borkh. ex Roem., Malus sibirica (Maxim.) Kom., Malus sylvestris, Malus sylvestris American auth. auct. non Mill., Malus sylvestris auct., Malus sylvestris auct. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf., Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. niedzwetskyana (Dieck), Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. praecox, Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. praecox (Pall.) Ponomar, Malus sylvestris Mill. subsp. mitis (Wallr.) Mansf., Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf., Malus sylvestris var. niedzwetskyana (Dieck), manzana (Spanish), marjaomena (Finnish), mela (Italian), nai (Japanese), pomi (Latin), pomme (French), pomo (Italian), procyanidin B-2, Pyrus acerba DC., Pyrus acerba (Mérat) DC., Pyrus baccata L., Pyrus baccata var. aurantiaca Regel, Pyrus baccata var. genuina Regel, Pyrus baccata var. himalaica Maxim., Pyrus floribunda G.Kirchn., Pyrus malusastracanica, Pyrus malus L., Pyrus malus L. subsp. acerba (Mérat) Syme, Pyrus malus var. astracanica, Pyrus malus var. paradisiaca L., Pyrus matsumurae (Koidz.) Cardot, Pyrus niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) Hemsl., Pyrus prunifolia Willd., Pyrus praecox Pall., Pyrus pumila (P.Mill.), Pyrus ringo Wenzig, Pyrus sargentii (Rehder) Bean, Rosaceae (family), sargentapal (Norwegian), Siberian crab apple, sufferjang (Hindi), tapuach (Hebrew), tuffahh (Arabic), ursolic acid, villiepli (Icelandic), yag wang na mu (Korean).
• Selected combination products: Anticholest (apple-pectin-guar soft drink), Applephenon™, Classic AU-701, Diarrhoesan® (apple pectin-chamomile extract).

Background

• Apple (Malus domestica) is the name for both the tree and fruit. The word "apple" is thought to come from the Old English word æppel. Experts have suggested that the word "apple" may be one of the oldest Indo-European words in the English language. The scientific name, Malus, is derived from the Latin word for apple and from the archaic Greek mālon.
• Apple is one of the most widely cultivated fruits. It can be stored for months and still have nutritious value. Winter apples, which are picked in late autumn and stored at just above freezing, are considered an important food in Europe, Asia, Argentina, and the United States. Apples have always been consumed as a food, but their constituents and potential medicinal uses remain under investigation.
• Apples can be canned, juiced, pureed, baked, stewed, and fermented. They can be used to make juice, cider, applesauce, vinegar, pectin, and baked goods. Dried apples can be mixed with water, alcohol, or other liquids for later use. Apples can also be used to make alcoholic drinks such as applejack, Calvados, and wine.
• Apples are high-fiber, low-calorie fruits that contain vitamin C. They are also rich in antioxidants, which are compounds that may help prevent colon, prostate, and lung cancer. Studies have found that phenolics, a type of antioxidant found in apples, may protect nerve cells from damage and reduce the risk of diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Evidence

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Dosing

The below doses are based on scientific research, publications, traditional use, or expert opinion. Many herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested, and safety and effectiveness may not be proven. Brands may be made differently, with variable ingredients, even within the same brand. The below doses may not apply to all products. You should read product labels, and discuss doses with a qualified healthcare provider before starting therapy.

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Safety

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy. Consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience side effects.

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Interactions

Most herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested for interactions with other herbs, supplements, drugs, or foods. The interactions listed below are based on reports in scientific publications, laboratory experiments, or traditional use. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy.

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Author Information

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References

Natural Standard developed the above evidence-based information based on a thorough systematic review of the available scientific articles. For comprehensive information about alternative and complementary therapies on the professional level, go to www.naturalstandard.com. Selected references are listed below.

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