Image for Evening primrose oil ( L.)
Evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis L.)

Synonyms/Common Names/Related Substances:

  • EPO, Echte Nachtkerze, fever plant, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), herbe aux anes, Huile D'Onagre, kaempe natlys, King's Cureall, la belle de nuit, linoleic acid (LA), nachtkerzenol, night willow-herb, Oenothera biennis L., Oenothera communis Leveill, Oenothera graveolens Gilib, omega-6 essential fatty acid, Onagra biennis Scop, Onagraceae (family), Onogra vulgaris, onagre bisannuelle, scabish, Spach, stella di sera, sun drop, Teunisbloem.
  • Combination product examples: Bronchicum® Tropfen (thyme and primrose), Bronchipret® TP FCT (thyme and primrose).

Clinical Bottom Line/Effectiveness

Brief Background:

  • Evening primrose oil (EPO) contains an omega-6 essential fatty acid, called gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which is believed to be EPO's active ingredient.
  • EPO has been studied in a wide variety of disorders, particularly those affected by metabolic products of essential fatty acids. Good scientific evidence supports its use for atopic dermatitis in both children and adults, although additional trials are warranted before the data can be considered definitive. High-quality evidence for its use in most medical conditions, such as diabetes, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and rheumatoid arthritis, is still lacking. GLA has been officially licensed for the treatment of non-cyclical breast pain (mastalgia) in England, and for the treatment of eczema in numerous countries, including England, Germany, Ireland, South Africa, and Italy (1).

Dosing/Toxicology

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Precautions/Contraindications

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Interactions

Most herbs and supplements have not been thoroughly tested for interactions with other herbs, supplements, drugs, or foods. The interactions listed below are based on reports in scientific publications, laboratory experiments, or traditional use. You should always read product labels. If you have a medical condition, or are taking other drugs, herbs, or supplements, you should speak with a qualified healthcare provider before starting a new therapy.

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Mechanism of Action

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History

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Evidence Table

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Evidence Discussion

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Products Studied

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Author Information

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References

Natural Standard developed the above evidence-based information based on a thorough systematic review of the available scientific articles. For comprehensive information about alternative and complementary therapies on the professional level, go to www.naturalstandard.com. Selected references are listed below.

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The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.